Exactly what is Explosive Welding Plates?

Stainless Steel Clad Plate, which is, the metal composite plate produced by the explosive welding method (explosion welding method), explosive welding plate generally refers to the explosion from the metal composite plate. An explosive welding composite plate is a kind of composite material plate manufactured by utilizing explosive forming technology, and its manufacturing process involves multiple steps like explosive forming, metal composite, and surface treatment.

Metal explosive welding technology is really a composite material processing technology that utilizes the large energy generated from the instantaneous generation of explosives to instantly composite 2 or more kinds of similar or dissimilar materials together, and this technology can weld metals with various properties, particularly those which are not dissolved, into one piece.

Compared with the direct rolling composite method:

(1) loading speed, which is, the loading process is instantaneous ;

(2) Placed on the workpiece high-pressure pulse load, loading stress is much higher than the yield strength from the metal material;

(3) The bonding area shows wave-like metallurgical bonding characteristics;

Explosive welding composite plate history
Explosive composite discovery is the earliest in 1944, the American L.R. Karl (Carl) inside a dynamite explosion test, accidentally found two bits of 1-inch diameter, thickness of .035 inches of thin brass discs, due to the sudden impact from the explosion and was welded together. Actually, in World War II, people in the repair of wounded tanks, but also often found that tilted impact towards the tank around the shrapnel is going to be firmly welded towards the tank armor phenomenon, just during the war people have virtually no time to analyze it.

In 1947, the Siberian branch from the Soviet Academy of Sciences, the famous scientists M.A. Lavrentsev in the study of polymer bombs to penetrate the armor also found this phenomenon, within his dissertation formally referred to as “explosive welding”.

In the area of welding, the welding of different materials, like steel and aluminum, steel and copper, is technically very difficult. And huge welding depth of welding is also very difficult, if you want to use conventional welding, shielding welding and other welding methods is going to be two 40mm thick wide plate welded right into a 80mm thick wide plate, it is estimated that no one can do. However, the explosive welding is ideal to resolve the 2 problems simultaneously.

Explosive welding composite plate principle production method
Explosive welding is really a composite plate manufacturing method that combines one or even more materials right into a single piece using explosives as the energy source. After the explosion of explosives, the blast products form a higher-pressure pulse load, directly acting on the compound plate, promoting the top-speed movement from the compound plate, in the collision point of the compound plate as well as the substrate tilt collision, accompanied by violent plastic deformation as well as the formation from the jet, the jet takes away the surface of the contamination layer, so that the welded metal flat plate with a clean surface in contact with each other at high temperatures and high pressures, the 2 kinds of plate will realize the strong metallurgical bonding.

Explosive welding composite plate-specific production methods:

1. Explosion molding
Explosion molding is the first step in the manufacture of explosive welding composite plates. In the explosion forming process, explosives in certain conditions instantly detonated, the resulting high-pressure gas is going to be pushed towards the other side from the metal plate mold, so that the metal plate in an instant to achieve the desired shape and size. This forming technique is described as high precision and high efficiency.

2. Metal composite
In the explosion molding, the need for metal composite. This step is generally utilized in explosion welding or explosion crimping and other methods, 2 or more metal plates with the explosion energy combined together to form a composite material. Throughout the metal composite process, a metallurgical reaction occurs between different metals, forming a powerful metallurgical bond.

3.Surface treatment
Surface treatment is usually needed to enhance the surface quality and corrosion resistance from the explosive welding plate. Widely used surface treatment methods include spraying, plating, chemical plating and so forth. These techniques can boost the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and aesthetics from the composite plate.

Explosive welding composite plate production process, although simple, flexible production, but the technical requirements are high, hard to accurately control, the parent material properties (toughness, impact properties, etc.), explosives properties (bursting speed stability, safety, etc.), the initial parameters (the quantity of explosives per unit area, the base compound plate spacing, etc.) as well as the dynamic parameters (collision angle, the compound plate collision speed, etc.) from the choice and system coordination from the composite plate from the finished product yield and quality has a direct impact.

The composite interface consists of direct bonding area, melting layer and vortex. Atomic diffusion exists in the bonding interface, and severe plastic deformation with work hardening happens in the bonding zone. The bonding surface has a wavy structure, that is beneficial to the improvement of bonding strength and tensile strength.

Explosive welding plate performance
Explosive welding explosive welding plate will not alter the chemical composition and physical state from the original material, based on the actual needs from the composite material to be individually processed into the required optimal state.

Explosive welding plate application performance is superb, can withstand cold, hot processing without changing the thickness from the combination of materials than the combination of composite materials is very high strength, usually higher than the lower side from the combination of materials, that is unattainable by other technologies. The composite material will not delaminate or crack during subsequent heat treatment, leveling, cutting, rolling, spinning and other production.

For room temperature and 550 ? heat treatment of carbon steel surface layer (close to the interface layer) has serious deformation brought on by fibrous tissue and many fine particles, the heart from the organization of ferrite plus pearlite; stainless steel interface for the second phase of point-like organization, the heart from the needle-like organization. But by 650 ? treatment of carbon steel samples close to the interface section of small particles from the organization disappeared (that could occur decarburization), the grain becomes coarse, the heart from the organization continues to be ferrite plus pearlite, but could not observed in the business from the slip line produced by deformation; and in the stainless steel interface you will find a large number of small black particles, titanium steel composite plate could be the decarburization of chromium carbide particles formed after the benefits of the material right into a whole, giving full play to the usage of different metal materials, and greatly save rare and rare materials, and the usage of different metal materials. The use of performance greatly saves rare metal materials, thus lowering the production cost of equipment.

Weak demand and oversupply in Asia have pushed steelmakers in the region to build up supplies of low-carbon steel and iron, especially as the Jan. 31 reporting deadline for the European Union’s Carbon Boundary Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) draws nearer, market participants said.

The problem is further complicated by the fact that other Western countries, namely the U.S., want to introduce similar policies.

A Singaporean trader said, “Asian steel producers have not slowed down production and want to increase output, therefore we expect capacity additions to outpace demand growth, especially in the post-epidemic recovery period.” . “…… Products need to go somewhere. Producers can export to Europe, but this means they have to offer low-carbon products at huge discounts.”

Asia’s way to decarbonization has already seen several breakthroughs, particularly as policymakers have focused on various climate targets and dealt with public and private stakeholders to build up low-carbon technologies.

These investments have enabled steelmakers to discover commercially viable technologies and reliable sources of clean energy, namely direct decrease in iron from scrap or natural gas, or shifting to electric arc furnace steelmaking, which has a lower carbon intensity when compared with blast furnaces.

Paolo Frediani, senior analyst at Fastmarkets, said the market is reacting towards the steadily growing demand for green steel, given the quantity of pipeline investment.

“CBAM will certainly give a major boost [in creating a green steel supply chain], but despite the advanced regulation of steel emissions in Europe, the green steel premium is essentially supported by the fact that increasingly more end-users are trying to reduce their overall carbon footprint,” says Frediani. “Although this drive is stronger in some regions than others, it is becoming a global phenomenon.”

Explosive composite explosion welding advantages
Explosive composite this new process, new technology inside a short period of time to acquire rapid development and wide application, the primary reason is it has the following four advantages:

(1) A number of composite materials can be combined it will make the melting point, strength, coefficient of thermal expansion and other performance differences are extremely disparate metal combinations to accomplish composite. Like aluminum – steel, titanium – steel. At present has realized the composite material combination of over 300 kinds, that is incomparable to other methods.

(2) Excellent material properties
Composite plate from the general design principle would be to satisfy the mechanical properties from the structure from the base material, compound plate to meet the corrosion or wear resistance and other properties. Therefore, compared with just one metal plate, the composite plate makes full use of the best performance from the substrate, as well as the compound plate not only has the required high strength but also has excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and other properties of high production efficiency.

(3) High production efficiency/high bond strength.
Explosive composite in a very short period of time, and can be welded spanning a large area, a place of up to 20 square meters or even more, in the composite interface, dissimilar metals with the metal bond to accomplish inter-atomic bonding is normally not less than the minimum of the effectiveness of the composite material constituting the respective parent body.

(4) Good economy
The use of explosion welding technology to create composite plate products have both corrosion resistance from the compound layer and other functional characteristics and both the effectiveness of the grass-roots level and plastic toughness indicators, it can save you precious metal resources, reduce costs.

Application of explosive welding plate
Composite materials produced by the explosive welding method has been commonly used in petroleum, chemical, shipbuilding, electronics, electric power, metallurgy, machinery, aerospace, atomic energy and other industrial fields. The composite plate is carbon steel as a substrate, single-sided or multi-faceted with precious metals as a double layer of high-efficiency energy-saving new composite materials, composite by explosion welding of special processing technology, both using the corrosion resistance of precious metals, wear resistance, but also with carbon steel, good weldability, molding, extensibility, thermal conductivity; explosive welding plate is now commonly used in the petrochemical industry, metallurgy, salt production and alkali production, the water industry, Nuclear industry.

Shipbuilding
In shipbuilding, explosive welding plates may be used to manufacture hull structures, decks, bulkheads, etc. Due to its high strength and good corrosion resistance, the explosive welding plate can effectively enhance the durability and repair life from the ship.

Aerospace
In the aerospace field, explosive welding composite plates may be used to manufacture airplane fuselage, wings, engine parts, etc. Due to its good thermal stability and high strength, explosive welding composite plate can enhance the performance and safety of aircraft.

Construction Industry
In the construction industry, explosive welding composite plates may be used to manufacture structural parts for bridges, high-rise buildings, highways, and so forth. Due to its high strength and good corrosion resistance, explosive welding composite plate can enhance the safety and repair life of buildings.

Automobile manufacturing
In automobile manufacturing, explosive welding composite plates may be used to manufacture body structural parts, engine parts, and so forth. Due to its lightweight, high strength, and good thermal stability, the explosive welding plate can enhance the performance and safety of automobiles.

Explosive welding plate cladding of metals supplier
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